Causes and risk factors of Parotid Tumours

Age and sex. Most parotid tumours occur in people between 50 and 70 years old. Also, some types of benign parotid tumours, such as pleomorphic adenoma, are more common in women.

Radiation exposure. Being exposed to radiation in the head and neck, either as part of an earlier medical treatment or from work-related causes, has been associated with an increased risk of developing parotid tumours.

Smoking and alcohol use. Smoking and alcohol use have been linked to an increased risk of developing certain types of head and neck tumours, including parotid tumours. The type of glandular tumour most related to tobacco use is Warthin's tumour.

Viral infections. Although not a direct cause, some research suggests that certain viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), may increase the risk of developing malignant parotid tumours. 

Family history. A family history of parotid tumours or other types of cancer slightly increases the risk of developing it. 

Working in certain industries. Some occupations, such as those involving exposure to toxic chemicals (e.g. asbestos, metallurgy, construction) can increase the risk of developing parotid and other head and neck tumours.

Genetic. Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of parotid tumours in some cases, although this is less common.