Treatment of OCD
There are basically two kinds of treatment for OCD: psychological treatment and drug therapy.
Psychological treatment. The most effective is known as exposure and response prevention (ERP), which consists of teaching the person how to deal with the distress or anxiety caused by the obsessions and to stop acting out the compulsions. Exposure and response prevention forms part of a type of psychological treatment called cognitive‑behavioural therapy (CBT) and is carried out by a professional specialized in this type of treatment. There are other types of psychological treatment that place a greater emphasis on supporting the patient or finding the cause of the disorder, but in general these treatments have not proved particularly useful in most people with OCD.
Drug therapy. The most commonly used drugs are antidepressants, specifically, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Despite their name, antidepressants are not only used in people with depression, in fact they are effective in a lot of mental disorders (including OCD). The doses used for adequate treatment of OCD are generally higher than those given to people with depression.
As a rule, children and adolescents should initially receive psychological treatment (exposure and response prevention) and drug therapies should only be used if this does not work (or in very severe or disabling cases). Drug therapies to treat OCD must normally be prescribed by a psychiatrist.
En general, se considera que en niños/as y adolescentes se debería comenzar con el tratamiento psicológico (exposición con prevención de respuesta) y los tratamientos farmacológicos deberían usarse solo si el tratamiento psicológico no ha funcionado (o bien en casos muy graves e incapacitantes). El tratamiento farmacológico del TOC, en general, debería realizarlo un/a psiquiatra. Como en el caso del tratamiento psicológico, si tiene dudas, pregunte al profesional que le atiende.
Hay pacientes en los que el trastorno es resistente al tratamiento, incluso después de haber realizado diferentes pruebas farmacológicas. En estos pacientes, es recomendable que el profesional que los trata los derive a una Unidad de especialización en TOC, para valorar nuevas posibilidades terapéuticas (estimulación cerebral profunda).
The role of relatives
People who live with OCD patients have a very important role to play in factors such as detecting and treating the disorder. It might seem strange to people close to the patient that someone has obsessions or compulsions or that they cannot stop experiencing them, but they must try to understand that the person with OCD obviously does not want to have symptoms that can cause them so many difficulties.
Sometimes relatives may participate in some of the patient’s compulsions or help them avoid certain situations. This is especially common in children and adolescents. Although the relatives are trying to help (or avoid disturbing the person with OCD), it is important to realise that these habits reduce the chances of improvement. Recommendations are to discuss such habits with the healthcare professional.
Substantiated information by:
Published: 7 February 2019
Updated: 7 February 2019
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