It is estimated that about 2% of the population will experience this disorder at some point in their lives. Although it is more common in women, more and more cases are being recognised in men.
During these episodes, the person eats much faster than usual and without feeling particularly hungry. Despite feeling unpleasantly full, they still find it difficult to stop. Later, they feel guilty, ashamed and distressed, leading to intense discomfort.
The origins of binge eating disorder are multifaceted, involving genetic, psychological and social factors; and it may share some risk factors with other eating disorders. Genetic predisposition, low self-esteem, perfectionism and emotional rigidity can contribute to its onset, as can individual or socio-familial stress situations. Idealised body images promoted by the media and social networks also play a role, as does pressure in certain sports and professional environments where body image is emphasised. It is common to experience diagnoses for different eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder).
Difference between emotional hunger and binge eating disorder
To understand the magnitude of this disorder, it is important to differentiate it from other eating patterns.
Eating healthily or normally involves following a balanced diet and responding to natural hunger and satiety cues without feelings of guilt.
On the other hand, emotional eating, also called emotional hunger, occurs during times of stress or sadness, but not with the frequency or intensity of binge eating disorder, and therefore does not require diagnosis. In these cases, the person does not experience a total loss of control or extreme remorse.
However, if the use of food to manage emotions becomes recurrent, it can develop into an eating disorder.
Binge eating disorder, however, involves continuous loss of control, with significant consequences for the affected person's social, family and work life. It is common for sufferers to hide or stockpile food, secretly discard packaging and alternate binge eating episodes with very restrictive diets. These restrictions, when unsustainable, reinforce the binge eating cycle and increase anxiety about food.
Listening without judgment
The role of those closest to you is crucial, in both the prevention and treatment of binge eating disorder. Creating a supportive environment is essential: Promoting a healthy body image, non-judgmental listening and avoiding comments about weight or food can make a difference. Also, persons who have begun treatment should follow the guidance of healthcare professionals and celebrate small achievements in their recovery.
Detecting warning signs and seeking professional help are essential steps for recovery. Fortunately, there are effective treatments, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy, which helps modify the thinking and behaviour patterns associated with the disorder, as well as providing emotional regulation strategies. Some patients receive pharmacological treatment.
The key to overcoming the condition lies in recognising its existence, providing appropriate support and following treatment that addresses both the physical and emotional aspects for those affected.
Information documented by:
Dr. Teia Plana, psychiatrist. Childhood and Youth Psychiatry Department at Clínic Barcelona.
