During these episodes, the brain experiences an electrical disturbance that causes loss of consciousness, stiffness and generalised muscle twitching. While seizures typically last only a few minutes, the right response can make all the difference in recovery and avoid potential injury. The most important thing is to try to stay calm, act safely and act quickly to minimise risks.
Below are the essential steps to assist someone during a seizure safely and effectively.
What to do during a seizure?
1. Protect the person
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If possible, gently lower them to the floor to prevent falls.
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Protect their head by placing something soft underneath, such as a cushion or a folded piece of clothing.
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Remove dangerous objects nearby (hot, sharp or pointed items).
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Take off glasses, if they are wearing them.
2. Position the person on their side
Once the shaking stops, place the person on their side to keep the airway open, prevent saliva from accumulating in the mouth, and avoid aspiration of fluids.
3. Stay with the person and remain calm
Stay with them until they have fully regained consciousness and are alert. At all times, speak calmly and reassure the person, during and after the seizure. It is also advisable to time the duration of the seizure.
What not to do during a seizure?
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Do not hold the person tightly or restrict their movements, unless there is a risk of injury from the shaking. Holding the person tightly or trying to limit their movements can cause injury and increase confusion or agitation.
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Do not place objects in their mouth, as this may obstruct the airway or cause damage to their teeth. It will not prevent them from biting their tongue if the seizure has already started. It is important to remember that a person cannot swallow their tongue during a seizure.
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Do not give them anything to eat or drink until the person is fully recovered. Giving them food, liquid or medication could cause choking.
When to call an ambulance?
You should seek medical assistance if:
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This is the person’s first seizure.
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The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.
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A second seizure occurs immediately after the first.
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The person is choking or sustaining injuries during the seizure.
