Causes of Achalasia

Achalasia is caused by damage to the nerves in the oesophagus (plexus). Although the exact cause is unknown, it is thought that damage to these nerves may be due to a viral infection. It is considered that this infection, along with genetic factors, inflames and damages the nerves. If these nerves do not function correctly, the oesophagus becomes paralysed and accumulates food, as it cannot push it into the stomach.  

Sometimes, the food ferments and returns to the mouth, leaving a bitter taste. This causes some people to confuse it with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, in gastroesophageal reflux disease the food comes from the stomach, while in achalasia it comes from the oesophagus.