The study concludes that fears about a massive emergence of resistance to antiretroviral drugs because of a widespread treatment of HAART for HIV-infected people in poor countries are unfounded. Furthermore, despite the efforts deployed by the international organizations (WHO, UNAIDS, CDC, UNICEF, ...) to achieve a progressive increase of antiretroviral treatment among people infected with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (currently more than 6 million people), monitoring and control of HAART in these countries is still very precarious. This situation facilitates the emergence of resistance and antiretroviral treatment failure, worsening the success chances of the few therapeutic alternatives available in these countries and with a very high cost for healthcare and public health.
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