The work presented today at the Catalan hospital by Dr. Antonio Alcaraz, head of the department of Urology at the very center, and his team, confirm the feasibility of surgical techniques with minimal scars (10 and 5 mm) for the extraction of a kidney applied to transplantation. Creators and pioneers in the application of the NOTES technique (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopy Surgery), an approach that aims to conduct surgery through natural orifices of the body, the team led by Dr. Alcaraz applies the modified transvaginal (through the vagina) and transumbilical (through the navel) extraction techniques to kidney transplantation. European Urology magazine published the first World Series of kidney donors by transvaginal nephrectomy surgery with the technique developed in our center.
The series published by European Urology include 30 women (who have been operated using the NOTES technique); The Hospital Clínic team has operated too four males by the technique called LESS (Laparoscopic-Endoscopic Single-Site Surgery), also known as single port transumbilical surgery. The application of the technique in women (transvaginal nephrectomy) involves two pathways (vagina and abdomen), and two minimal scars (abdomen) of 5 and 10 millimeters. In the case of men (single-port nephrectomy), the pathway is restricted to the navel (which is a scar with a very little vascularization). "The minimally invasive surgical techniques for removal of living donor kidneys have many advantages: better quality of life for the donor, minimal scarring, shorter hospital stay and less pain", says Dr. Alcaraz.
"The surgical technique is completely reproducible and can be considered a good alternative procedure that could increase the rate of living donors among women", said Dr. Alcaraz. According to Dr. Rafael Matesanz, director of the National Transplant Organization (ONT), "it is very important to further enhance this technique, 100% Spanish, because it is the best opportunity for children, young patients with diabetes or renal failure, who need a young kidney the sooner the better".
On his side, Dr. Roser Deulofeu, Director of the Catalan Transplant Organization (OCATT) notes that "the Hospital Clínic and its surgical transplant team turn Catalonia again into a model for the rest the world, making a brilliant and pioneer step forward in surgical techniques that will minimize the physical injury due to a living donor renal extraction and make the recovery process easier".
Strong commitment with minimally invasive surgery
Since conventional open surgery gave way to laparoscopy-assisted surgery - requiring three, four and even five incisions -, pelvic and abdominal cavity surgeons together with robotics experts, investigate new ways to get into the body to explore structures, diagnose diseases and remove organs. Hospital Clínic of Barcelona supports minimally invasive surgery, as shown in today’s presentation, and has consolidated its application in living donor transplant.
In 2008 the team led by Dr. Alcaraz performed in Spain the first transumbilical nephrectomy of this kind 85 years cancer diagnosed lady. Three days after the operation the patient went home without problems.
Only two or three years ago, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona’s Urologists used laparoscopy assisted nephrectomy as the reference technique for the surgical treatment of these pathologies. Although it was a revolutionary and well known technique, which has achieved great results over the past eight years and has improved patient care in terms of postoperative pain and hospital stay, laparoscopy still requires, as in traditional surgery, an abdominal incision to remove the kidney, leaving a scar of approximately 6 centimeters.
Unlike laparoscopy, transvaginal and transumbilical nephrectomy use the vaginal opening and the umbilicus, respectively, to remove kidneys. This technique has managed to avoid external scars and improved patient care, with decreased postoperative pain and a hospital stay under 48 hours. This milestone was possible thanks to an intensive program of research in experimental surgery developed by the Hospital Clínic Urology Department.
With the development of this type of surgery, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona strengthens its position as a reference center for the exploration of new strategies of image-guided surgery. The NOTES program is a revolution with the sole purpose of benefitting the patient with reduced recovery time, reduced pain and no external consequences.
Catalonia, a leader in living donor transplants
OCATT believes the new surgical technique one of many recent successes for Catalonia, a pioneer in transplant organizational model since 1984 and in all types of corneal tissue (1926) and bone marrow (1970) and solid organ transplant: kidney and pancreas (1965 and 1983 in the Clinic), liver and heart (1984 by Bellvitge and Sant Pau hospitals respectively), and lung cancer (1990 at the Hospital Vall d'Hebron).
Catalonia performed, until late 2000s, almost 100% of Spanish living donor transplants through the Hospital Clinic and Puigvert Foundation teams. The OCATT strategic plan approved by the CatSalut in 2004 wanted to increase donation and reduce waiting lists by prioritizing living donor transplantation and heart-beating donation. This strategy, along with a strict control of the effectiveness of the process, facilitated an increase in the number of kidney transplants in Catalonia becoming the main Spanish performer together with the highest rate in the world despite the reduced number of cadaveric donors. Nowadays, 54% of Spanish living donor transplants are made in Catalonia, the crossed transplants involve Catalan donors and recipients and, while 28% of kidney transplants done in Catalonia come from a living donor, only 7% do in Spain.