These processes are associated with autoimmune responses characterized by antibodies targeted to synaptic proteins and receptors, such as the glutamate receptors (NMDA, AMPA) or the GABA(B) receptors, or to synaptic proteins related with epilepsy (LGI1, Caspr2), among others. This disease may result in alterations of memory, behaviour and cognition, and may cause psychosis becoming very confusing for physicians and difficult to diagnose properly. Dr. Dalmau said that “not knowing what is a patient suffering of is very exciting to me” when talking about the challenges of his work.
The works led by Dr. Josep Dalmau identified unexpected causes of the autoimmune encephalitis, such as a teratoma or herpes virus. After defining the antibodies involved in different forms of the disease, they were able to develop effective treatments for patients who otherwise could have died. They work with animal models too, and receive clinical samples from around the globe to be studied. You can learn more about his works in their team’s webpage.
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